C1 Unit 43: Ideas & thinking 3
20 C1 words: estimation, suffice, pinnacle, psyche, insightful, stimuli… Learn them in 4 steps, then review them every day.
Word list
| Word | Meaning | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| estimation/ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən/ n | estimationa judgement of amount or value | My estimation is that the work will take about three weeks.My estimation is that the work will take about three weeks. | |
| suffice/səˈfaɪs/ v | to sufficeto be enough | A short email will suffice; you don’t need to write a long report.A short email will suffice; you don’t need to write a long report. | |
| pinnacle/ˈpɪnəkəl/ n | pinnaclethe highest or most successful point | Winning the national prize was the pinnacle of her career.Winning the national prize was the pinnacle of her career. | |
| psyche/ˈsaɪki/ n | psychethe human mind and its deepest feelings | The experience left a deep mark on the child’s psyche.The experience left a deep mark on the child’s psyche. | |
| insightful/ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl/ adj | insightfulshowing a clear and deep understanding | Lucy gave an insightful answer that helped the whole class understand.Lucy gave an insightful answer that helped the whole class understand. | |
| stimuli/ˈstɪmjəˌlaɪ/ n | stimulithings that cause a reaction in living things | Babies react quickly to new stimuli such as bright lights and loud sounds.Babies react quickly to new stimuli such as bright lights and loud sounds. | |
| divergent/daɪˈvɝdʒənt/ adj | divergentdeveloping in different directions; different | The two scientists reached divergent conclusions from the same experiment.The two scientists reached divergent conclusions from the same experiment. | |
| pertinent/ˈpɝtɪnɪnt/ adj | pertinentdirectly relevant to the subject | Anna asked a pertinent question that went straight to the problem.Anna asked a pertinent question that went straight to the problem. | |
| rarity/ˈrɛrəti/ n | raritysomething unusual that is rarely found | Snow in this part of Spain is a real rarity.Snow in this part of Spain is a real rarity. | |
| ingenious/ˌɪnˈdʒinjəs/ adj | ingeniousclever and original in design or idea | Leo found an ingenious way to open the jar with a spoon.Leo found an ingenious way to open the jar with a spoon. | |
| versatility/ˌvɝsəˈtɪləti/ n | versatilitythe ability to be used in many ways | The versatility of this tool means you can use it for many jobs.The versatility of this tool means you can use it for many jobs. | |
| abstraction/æbˈstrækʃən/ n | abstractionan idea that is not about physical things | Philosophy often deals with abstraction, such as ideas about freedom.Philosophy often deals with abstraction, such as ideas about freedom. | |
| compel/kəmˈpɛl/ v | to compelto force someone to do something | The rules compel all visitors to wear a helmet.The rules compel all visitors to wear a helmet. | |
| constraint/kənˈstreɪnt/ n | constraintsomething that limits what you can do | Time is the main constraint on what we can finish today.Time is the main constraint on what we can finish today. | |
| latent/ˈleɪtənt/ adj | latentpresent but not yet developed or visible | The talent was latent in him until a teacher noticed it.The talent was latent in him until a teacher noticed it. | |
| detriment/ˈdɛtrəmənt/ n | detrimentharm or damage caused to something | Working late every night was to the detriment of his health.Working late every night was to the detriment of his health. | |
| cessation/ˌsɛˈseɪʃən/ n | cessationthe stopping of something | The cessation of the noise made everyone look up.The cessation of the noise made everyone look up. | |
| formulate/ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪt/ v | to formulateto prepare or express an idea carefully | The team will formulate a plan to reduce waste next week.The team will formulate a plan to reduce waste next week. | |
| ingenuity/ˌɪndʒəˈnuəˌti/ n | ingenuitycleverness and skill in finding solutions | Lucy’s ingenuity saved the day when the power went out.Lucy’s ingenuity saved the day when the power went out. | |
| drawback/ˈdrɔˌbæk/ n | drawbacka disadvantage or negative point | The main drawback of the flat is that it has no lift.The main drawback of the flat is that it has no lift. |