C1 Unit 42: Society & law 3
20 C1 words: turmoil, bribe, confinement, deprivation, compliant, bribery… Learn them in 4 steps, then review them every day.
Word list
| Word | Meaning | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| turmoil/ˈtɝˌmɔɪl/ n | turmoila state of great confusion or disorder | The country was in turmoil after the sudden change of leadership.The country was in turmoil after the sudden change of leadership. | |
| bribe/braɪb/ n/v | bribemoney given secretly to get an unfair favour | The officer refused the bribe and reported the offer to his boss.The officer refused the bribe and reported the offer to his boss. | |
| confinement/kənˈfaɪnmənt/ n | confinementbeing kept in a small or closed space | After weeks of confinement in the small cabin, Tom longed for fresh air.After weeks of confinement in the small cabin, Tom longed for fresh air. | |
| deprivation/ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən/ n | deprivationthe lack of basic things people need | Years of deprivation left the village without clean water or medicine.Years of deprivation left the village without clean water or medicine. | |
| compliant/kəmˈplaɪənt/ adj | compliantfollowing rules or requests as required | Companies must be compliant with the new safety rules by January.Companies must be compliant with the new safety rules by January. | |
| bribery/ˈbraɪbɚi/ n | briberythe crime of giving or taking bribes | The mayor was accused of bribery and had to leave his job.The mayor was accused of bribery and had to leave his job. | |
| bureaucratic/ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk/ adj | bureaucraticrelated to complicated official rules and paperwork | Getting a permit was slow because of bureaucratic rules and endless forms.Getting a permit was slow because of bureaucratic rules and endless forms. | |
| impoverished/ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt/ adj | impoverishedvery poor | The charity helps impoverished families in the north of the country.The charity helps impoverished families in the north of the country. | |
| adversary/ˈædvɚˌsɛri/ n | adversaryan opponent or enemy | In the final game, Tom faced his old adversary again.In the final game, Tom faced his old adversary again. | |
| extortion/ɛkˈstɔrʃən/ n | extortiongetting money by threats | The gang was arrested for extortion after demanding money from local shops.The gang was arrested for extortion after demanding money from local shops. | |
| harass/hɚˈæs/ v | to harassto bother someone again and again, unpleasantly | No one should harass a colleague with unwanted messages.No one should harass a colleague with unwanted messages. | |
| deceit/dəˈsit/ n | deceitdishonest behaviour that makes others believe lies | The salesman used deceit to make customers buy a useless product.The salesman used deceit to make customers buy a useless product. | |
| fragmentation/ˌfræɡmənˈteɪʃən/ n | fragmentationthe breaking of something into small parts | The fragmentation of the old market left many tiny, separate shops.The fragmentation of the old market left many tiny, separate shops. | |
| conformity/kənˈfɔrməti/ n | conformitybehaviour that follows the usual rules or standards | Some schools demand conformity in dress, while others allow free choice.Some schools demand conformity in dress, while others allow free choice. | |
| perpetuate/pɚˈpɛtʃəˌweɪt/ v | to perpetuateto make something continue for a long time | Critics say that such posters perpetuate false ideas about women.Critics say that such posters perpetuate false ideas about women. | |
| allege/əˈlɛdʒ/ v | to allegeto say something is true without proof | The report alleges that the company ignored safety checks.The report alleges that the company ignored safety checks. | |
| fatality/fəˈtælɪti/ n | fatalitya death caused by an accident or violence | The number of road fatalities fell sharply last year.The number of road fatalities fell sharply last year. | |
| formality/fɔrˈmæləti/ n | formalityan official step done to follow rules | Signing the paper was a mere formality, since everything was already agreed.Signing the paper was a mere formality, since everything was already agreed. | |
| upheaval/əpˈhivəl/ n | upheavala sudden, big change that causes disorder | The move to a new country caused great upheaval in their lives.The move to a new country caused great upheaval in their lives. | |
| ethically/ˈɛθɪkəli/ adv | ethicallyin a way that is morally right | Omar chose to act ethically even when nobody was watching.Omar chose to act ethically even when nobody was watching. |