C1 Unit 19: Business & economy
16 C1 words: mark-up, stock, cost-effective, launch, bulk, niche… Learn them in 4 steps, then review them every day.
Word list
| Word | Meaning | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mark-up/mɑrk ʌp/ n | mark-upan amount added to the cost to make profit | The shop adds a ten percent mark-up to the price of each item.The shop adds a ten percent mark-up to the price of each item. | |
| stock/stɑk/ v | to stockto keep goods available for sale | The shop will stock a wider range of organic products next month.The shop will stock a wider range of organic products next month. | |
| cost-effective/kɑst ɪˈfɛktɪv/ adj | cost-effectivegiving good value for the money spent | Buying in large amounts is often more cost-effective than buying small packs.Buying in large amounts is often more cost-effective than buying small packs. | |
| launch/lɔntʃ/ n | launchthe first time a product is presented | The launch of the new phone attracted thousands of fans.The launch of the new phone attracted thousands of fans. | |
| bulk/bʌlk/ n | bulka large amount or quantity | We buy rice in bulk because it is cheaper.We buy rice in bulk because it is cheaper. | |
| niche/nɪtʃ/ n | nichea small, special area of a market | The shop found a niche selling only vegan snacks.The shop found a niche selling only vegan snacks. | |
| endorsement/ɛnˈdɔrsmənt/ n | endorsementpublic support for a product or person | The brand received an endorsement from a popular chef.The brand received an endorsement from a popular chef. | |
| sponsorship/ˈspɑnsɚˌʃɪp/ n | sponsorshipmoney given by a company to support an event | The festival depends on sponsorship from local companies.The festival depends on sponsorship from local companies. | |
| commercially/kəˈmɝʃəli/ adv | commerciallyin a way relating to buying and selling | The new battery is not yet available commercially.The new battery is not yet available commercially. | |
| demise/dɪˈmaɪz/ n | demisethe end or failure of something | The demise of the old shop was caused by new supermarkets.The demise of the old shop was caused by new supermarkets. | |
| speculative/ˈspɛkjələtɪv/ adj | speculativebased on guesses rather than facts | Investors warned that the report was too speculative to trust.Investors warned that the report was too speculative to trust. | |
| consultancy/kənˈsʌltənsi/ n | consultancya company that gives expert professional advice | Maria runs a consultancy that advises small firms on marketing.Maria runs a consultancy that advises small firms on marketing. | |
| domestically/dəˈmɛstɪkli/ adv | domesticallywithin one’s own country | The company sells its products domestically as well as abroad.The company sells its products domestically as well as abroad. | |
| tycoon/taɪˈkun/ n | tycoona rich and powerful business person | The oil tycoon owned a fleet of ships and several hotels.The oil tycoon owned a fleet of ships and several hotels. | |
| innovate/ˈɪnəˌveɪt/ v | to innovateto introduce new ideas or methods | The firm must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors.The firm must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors. | |
| enterprising/ˈɛntɚˌpraɪzɪŋ/ adj | enterprisingshowing initiative and willingness to try new ideas | Two enterprising students started a small business selling homemade cards.Two enterprising students started a small business selling homemade cards. |