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Although, even though, however
B1 B1 grammar · lesson 21 of 23
These words connect two ideas that are surprising or opposite. They make your speaking and writing clearer and more grown-up than using only ‘but’.
Contrast words
You already know but: It was cold, but we went swimming. At B1 you can use other words with a similar meaning. Each one has its own grammar.
| Word | Grammar | Example |
|---|---|---|
| although | joins two clauses in one sentence | Although it was cold, we went swimming. |
| even though | like although, but stronger | We went swimming even though it was freezing. |
| though | like although, more informal; also at the end of a sentence | It was cold. We went swimming, though. |
| however | connects two separate sentences | It was cold. However, we went swimming. |
Although and even though
Although and even though are followed by a subject + verb. They can go at the start of the sentence or in the middle. When they start the sentence, put a comma after the first clause.
Although Ali studied hard, he didn’t pass the test.
I enjoyed the film although it was very long.
Even though she was ill, Maria went to work.
He bought the car even though he couldn’t really afford it.
The hotel was nice. The food was terrible, though.
Do not use but in the same sentence as although. One contrast word is enough. Use even though when the contrast is very strong or very surprising.
However
However usually starts a new sentence and is followed by a comma. It is common in writing, for example in emails and essays.
The plan sounds good. However, it will be very expensive.
Most people enjoyed the trip. However, a few were not happy with the hotel.
Lucy wanted to come. She was, however, too busy.
Common mistakes
✗ Although it was late, but we didn’t go home.
✓ Although it was late, we didn’t go home.
✗ It was expensive, however I bought it.
✓ It was expensive. However, I bought it.
✗ Even it was raining, we played tennis.
✓ Even though it was raining, we played tennis.